The clarity of a diamond refers to the presence of internal characteristics known as inclusions and surface features called blemishes. These natural "birthmarks" are created under extreme heat and pressure as diamonds form deep within the earth. Clarity is one of the 4 Cs of diamonds and is key to evaluating quality.
The GIA Clarity Scale
The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) developed an internationally recognized clarity grading system, assessing diamonds based on factors like size, number, nature, and location of inclusions. The GIA clarity scale comprises 11 specific grades:
- Flawless (FL): No inclusions or blemishes visible under 10x magnification.
- Internally Flawless (IF): No inclusions, but may have minor surface blemishes.
- Very, Very Slightly Included (VVS1, VVS2): Extremely difficult for an expert to see inclusions under magnification.
- Very Slightly Included (VS1, VS2): Inclusions are visible with effort but are still considered minor.
- Slightly Included (SI1, SI2): Inclusions are noticeable under 10x magnification and may be visible to the naked eye in some cases.
- Included (I1, I2, I3): Inclusions are obvious and may affect the diamond's transparency and durability.
How Clarity Affects a Diamond’s Appearance
Most diamonds available in jewelry stores fall between VS (Very Slightly Included) and SI (Slightly Included) grades. These inclusions are typically not visible to the naked eye, especially in well-cut diamonds. However, as clarity grades decrease, the inclusions may become more apparent, affecting the diamond's brilliance and overall value.
GIA ensures that each diamond is evaluated under 10x magnification by trained gemologists to determine its clarity. This allows buyers to understand the characteristics of their diamond, even if many of these features cannot be seen without specialized equipment.
Understanding Inclusions and Blemishes
Inclusions are internal features, such as trapped crystals, feathers, or internal graining, while blemishes are external features that can include scratches or surface nicks. These characteristics are formed during the natural growth process or during the cutting and polishing stages.
While some inclusions are considered part of the diamond’s uniqueness, it’s essential to understand their impact. Inclusions can affect how light moves through a diamond, potentially diminishing its brilliance and reducing its structural integrity.
Choosing the Right Clarity Grade
When choosing a diamond, understanding how clarity affects appearance and price is essential. Diamonds with higher clarity grades, such as FL or IF, are rarer and command higher prices. However, grades in the VS or SI range often offer excellent value, with inclusions that are not noticeable without magnification.
To get the best value, prioritize clarity in combination with cut quality. A well-cut diamond can minimize the impact of inclusions by reflecting more light, thus enhancing brilliance and concealing minor imperfections.